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The refusal email is brief, but it names the ground on which your application failed — and everything you do next depends on it. Broadly, refusals fall into two families:
Reapply only when you can change something real: the lost-passport flag has been lifted, you have a new passport, you made a data-entry error, or you can now answer a background question accurately with the right context. In those cases a fresh, corrected application can genuinely succeed.
Do not reapply with identical information hoping for a different officer or a luckier day — eTA screening is systematic, and a repeat refusal adds another negative record to your file.
Canada is unusually strict about criminal inadmissibility — a single DUI can block entry. But it is also unusually structured about the way back: deemed rehabilitation (enough time passed since a single minor offence), individual rehabilitation (a formal application after five years), or a TRP for the interim. If your refusal traces to a record, these are the doors — an eTA reapplication is not.
There is no administrative appeal for an eTA. The formal route is asking the Federal Court of Canada for judicial review, which requires a lawyer and challenges the decision's lawfulness rather than re-arguing the facts — proportionate only in unusual cases. For nearly everyone, the practical path is fixing the underlying reason and reapplying, or switching to a visitor visa where your evidence can actually be heard.
The refusal email names the ground. The most common are a passport reported lost or stolen, an undeclared previous refusal, a criminal record (including DUI), a previous overstay or removal from Canada, or answers that did not match what records show.
Yes — but only after addressing the reason for refusal. A corrected passport issue or a genuine data error justifies a fresh application. Reapplying with identical information almost always produces an identical refusal, plus another negative entry on your file.
Often yes, by another route: a visitor visa lets you present documents and context the eTA process cannot assess; a Temporary Resident Permit can overcome formal inadmissibility for a compelling trip; an Authorization to Return to Canada is required if you were previously removed.
It can — impaired driving makes travellers criminally inadmissible to Canada. Depending on how long ago it was, you may qualify for deemed or individual rehabilitation, or need a TRP for a specific trip. Declare it honestly in any application; concealing it is treated as misrepresentation.
There is no administrative appeal. The only formal challenge is judicial review at the Federal Court of Canada, via a lawyer — rarely proportionate for an eTA. Practically, fix the refusal ground and reapply, or apply for a visitor visa instead.
The refusal becomes part of your immigration record and must be declared in future applications to Canada and some other countries. Declared and explained, it is manageable; concealed, it becomes misrepresentation — a far more serious problem.